What characterizes structured literacy instruction?

Structured literacy instruction is characterized by its explicit, systematic, diagnostic, and cumulative approach to teaching reading. This method focuses on teaching the foundational skills necessary for reading in a clear and direct manner, ensuring that students understand the relationships between letters and sounds.

The explicit aspect means that instruction is direct; teachers clearly and distinctly teach concepts and strategies rather than expecting students to infer them independently. Systematic refers to the organized and sequential way that skills are taught, allowing learners to build upon what they have previously learned.

Diagnostic instruction involves ongoing assessment to tailor teaching to each student's unique needs and progress, ensuring that any difficulties are promptly addressed. Finally, cumulative instruction means that skills and knowledge are reviewed and reinforced regularly so that students can retain and apply what they learn over time.

This structured approach is particularly beneficial for students with dyslexia and other reading difficulties, as it provides a clear framework that helps them understand the complexities of reading. Other approaches that are flexible, spontaneous, implicit, or unstructured may not provide the consistency and clarity that these learners need.