What characterizes structured literacy instruction?

Structured literacy instruction is characterized by being explicit and systematic as well as cumulative and diagnostic.

The term "explicit" refers to teaching that is clear and direct, where specific skills, especially in reading, are taught in an intentional manner. This means that students are given clear instructions and examples, rather than being expected to figure out concepts on their own. "Systematic" signifies that the instruction follows a carefully planned sequence of lessons that build upon each other, facilitating a logical progression of learning.

Additionally, being "cumulative" means that students continually revisit and expand on previously learned concepts, which reinforces their understanding and retention of knowledge. "Diagnostic" involves regularly assessing students' progress and understanding to tailor instruction to meet their specific needs, ensuring that any difficulties can be addressed in a timely manner.

Combining these elements—explicitness, systematization, cumulative learning, and a diagnostic approach—creates a robust framework that is effective for learners, particularly those with reading difficulties, such as dyslexia. This comprehensive approach makes structured literacy a highly effective teaching method.