What is the correct understanding of dyslexia?

Dyslexia is primarily characterized by difficulties with phonological processing, which involves the ability to recognize and manipulate the sound structures of language. This can affect an individual's ability to decode words, identify rhymes, or segment sounds, making reading and writing challenging. Understanding dyslexia in this way helps to frame it as a specific learning difference, rather than a visual or motivational issue. Recognizing that the core challenges stem from phonological processing allows for targeted interventions and teaching techniques that can support individuals with dyslexia in overcoming their difficulties and improving their literacy skills.