What percentage of students should Tier 1 instruction alone ideally meet in an effective MTSS system?

In an effective Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS), Tier 1 instruction is designed to meet the needs of the majority of students, ideally serving around 80-85% of the student population. This tier typically consists of high-quality, research-based instruction that is implemented in the general education classroom and is accessible to all students, regardless of their individual learning needs.

The rationale behind this percentage is based on the understanding that while most students can thrive with well-structured, universal instruction, a certain percentage will require additional supports to succeed academically. Setting the expectation that 80-85% of students should be successful with Tier 1 reflects the goal of reducing the number of students who need more intensive interventions, thus creating a more efficient and effective educational framework. Aiming for this percentage ensures that educators focus on quality instruction that benefits all students while also identifying those who may need more targeted support.